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Claustrophobia

Definition

Claustrophobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by irrational fear of enclosed or small spaces. People with claustrophobia often describe it as feeling trapped without an exit or way out. Claustrophobia involves emotional and physical reactions to triggering situations. The fear of claustrophobia may be intense, but treatment can help manage or overcome it.

Common Physical Reaction to Triggering Situations

Causes

Like all phobias, the cause of claustrophobia is not well known. It can run in families. The signs of claustrophobia usually develop early in life during childhood or the teenage years. Claustrophobia can disappear in adulthood. If it does not, treatment is usually necessary to overcome the fear. It may limit work or social activities or tasks of daily living.

Risk Factors

Risk factors that increase your chance of developing claustrophobia or a claustrophobic anxiety attack include:

A history of anxiety or nervousness when in an enclosed room or space
Continually avoiding situations that have brought on a previous anxiety attack; repeated avoidance may actually increase the chance of a claustrophobic attack and its severity.

Symptoms

Symptoms may include those typical of a panic attack :

Sweating
Rapid heart beat
Shortness of breath or hyperventilation
Trembling
Light-headedness or fainting
Nausea
Feelings of dread, terror, panic

Other signs of claustrophobia include:

Automatically and compulsively looking for exits when in a room or feeling fearful if doors are shut
Avoiding elevators, riding in subways or airplanes, or cars in heavy traffic
Standing near exits in crowded social situations

Diagnosis

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. You may be referred to a psychologist, psychiatrist, or other trained mental health provider.

Treatment

Talk with your doctor or mental health provider about the best treatment plan for you. Options include the following:

Psychotherapy

The most common type of treatment for claustrophobia involves mental health counseling targeted to overcoming the fear and managing triggering situations.

Different types of strategies include:

Relaxation and visualization techniques designed to calm the fear when in a claustrophobic environment
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) —an approach that involves learning to control the thoughts that occur when confronted with the fear-inducing situation in order to change the reaction

Medication

Your doctor may prescribe drugs to control the panic and physical symptoms of claustrophobia. These include antidepressants and antianxiety agents. They will not cure the condition but are often helpful when used with psychotherapy.

Prevention

There are no known ways to prevent claustrophobia.

RESOURCES

Anxiety and Depression Association of America http://www.adaa.org

American Psychiatric Association http://www.healthyminds.org

National Alliance on Mental Illness http://www.nami.org

National Institute of Mental Health http://www.nimh.nih.gov

CANADIAN RESOURCES

Anxiety Disorders Association of Canada http://www.anxietycanada.ca

Canadian Psychiatric Association http://www.cpa-apc.org

References

Anxiety disorders. National Institute of Mental Health website. Available at: http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders/index.shtml . Updated January 29, 2013. Accessed January 31, 2013.

Specific phobia. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed. Updated November 9, 2012. Accessed January 31, 2013.

Treatment. Anxiety Disorders Association of America. Available at: http://www.adaa.org/finding-help/treatment . Updated January 29, 2013. Accessed January 31, 2013.

Revision Information

Reviewer: Brian Randall, MD
Review Date: 09/2012 -
Update Date: 01/31/2013 -

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.

Belton Regional Medical Center

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